{"id":219,"date":"2023-01-04T20:11:58","date_gmt":"2023-01-04T20:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/?p=219"},"modified":"2023-01-28T10:53:38","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T10:53:38","slug":"barometre-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/barometre-nedir.html","title":{"rendered":"Barometre Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Barometre Nedir?<\/strong>
\n
\nHava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me\u011fe yarayan alet. Yunanca a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelen “baros” ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen \u00abmetron\u00bbdan. Atmosferin bas\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan alet “barometre” diye tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Hava so\u011fuk ve durgunken daha yo\u011fundur dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bas\u0131n\u00e7 fazlad\u0131r . Is\u0131nan hava y\u00fckselir ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Meteoroloji tahminlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi b\u00f6lgelerinde y\u00fcksek ve al\u00e7ak bas\u0131nc\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu bilmek son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn her taraf\u0131nda devaml\u0131 olarak barometrelerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 izleyen g\u00f6zlemciler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Barometreler “c\u0131val\u0131” ve madeni olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. C\u0131val\u0131 barometrenin esas\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez 1643 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Evangelista Toricelli<\/a><\/strong> bulmu\u015ftur. Basit bir cival\u0131 barometrede bir kab\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00fc\u00e7 santimetre kadar kal\u0131nl\u0131kta c\u0131va konulmu\u015ftur. 90 santim uzunlu\u011fundaki ince bir cam boru da c\u0131vayla doldurulur ve ince cam borunun a\u00e7\u0131k taraf\u0131 c\u0131va kab\u0131na dald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Boru dik tutuldu\u011fu zaman, i\u00e7indeki c\u0131va seviyesinin d\u00fc\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. C\u0131va seviyesi 76 santimetreye kadar d\u00fc\u015fer ve orada durur. Borudaki c\u0131va, kapdaki c\u0131van\u0131n y\u00fczeyine olan bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkisiyle daha fazla d\u00fc\u015fmez. Ancak c\u0131va kab\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyine bas\u0131n\u00e7 artarsa, boruda bulunan c\u0131van\u0131n seviyesi tekrar y\u00fckselir. C\u0131val\u0131 barometrelerinin temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilkesi i\u015fte budur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deniz seviyesinde borudaki c\u0131van\u0131n seviyesi 76 santimdir. Havadaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, c\u0131van\u0131n seviyesini 69-79 santim aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6sterecek \u015feklinde etkiler. Ayr\u0131ca, y\u00fcksekli\u011fin artmas\u0131 da c\u0131va seviyesini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek d\u00fczende etkiler yapar. 3000 metrede c\u0131va seviyesi 50 , 6000 metrede 32. 900 metrede 22 santime d\u00fc\u015fer. C\u0131van\u0131n “y\u00fckselmesi “y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nc\u0131” vani iyi havay\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bunun aksi de ” al\u00e7ak bas\u0131nc\u0131” dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6t\u00fc havay\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n

Modern barometrelerde c\u0131va kab\u0131n\u0131n yerine bir hazne kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\n
\nC\u0131val\u0131 barometreler \u00e7abuk k\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi i\u00e7in, bunlar\u0131n yerine “maden\u00ee barometre” lerden yararlanmak yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir. Evlerde kullan\u0131lan barometreler genellikle U harfi \u015feklinde b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00f6ylece \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f bir boru yap\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. U \u015feklindeki cam borunun uzun kolu tepede kapal\u0131 olup. kol a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Daha modern barometre t\u00fcr\u00fc ” aneroid barometre ” diye tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr barometrelerde c\u0131va kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/strong> Oyuk ve yuvarlak metal bir kutunun i\u00e7indeki hava pompayla al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aneroid barometrenin temel k\u0131sm\u0131, havas\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131k\u0131ca kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu metal kutudur.<\/p>\n

\u0130nce bir kam\u0131\u015fla su i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz zaman, kam\u0131\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7indeki havay\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131m\u0131zla i\u00e7imize \u00e7ekeriz. B\u00f6ylece yarat\u0131lan bo\u015fluk hemen, yukar\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131v\u0131yla dolar. Bu olay bize do\u011fal gibi gelir; ama bunu nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131? Eski\u00e7a\u011f bilginleri bu soruya \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verirlerdi: \u00abDo\u011fa, bo\u015fluktan nefret eder\u00bb, yani bo\u015falt\u0131lan havan\u0131n yerini mutlaka bir \u015fey doldurmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ama bu bir a\u00e7\u0131klama de\u011fildir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atmosfer her \u015feyi bast\u0131r\u0131r, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; t\u0131pk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131n \u00e7eperlerine ve i\u00e7inde y\u00fczen nesnelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapan bir s\u0131v\u0131 gibi. Dalg\u0131\u00e7lar birka\u00e7 metre derine dalar dalmaz, hemen su bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 duyarlar. Hava i\u00e7in de az \u00e7ok ayn\u0131 \u015fey s\u00f6z konusudur: stratosferin en y\u00fcksek katmanlar\u0131na oranla biz, havan\u0131n \u00abdibinde\u00bb, \u00e7ok derinde say\u0131l\u0131r\u0131z ve s\u0131f\u0131r d\u00fczeyde (deniz d\u00fczeyi) havan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sm2’ye l 033 graml\u0131k bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapar.<\/p>\n

Bir kuyuya dald\u0131r\u0131lan borudaki hava tulumba ile emilince, atmosfer, borunun i\u00e7indeki suya bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapmaz olur, ama kuyunun i\u00e7indeki suya bas\u0131n\u00e7 yapma\u011fa devam eder. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131v\u0131, borudan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru itilir. Ve su, 10,30 metrelik bir y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131nca, bu s\u0131v\u0131 s\u00fctununun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, havan\u0131n kuyu y\u00fczeyine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131nca e\u015fit hale gelir. Bu iki g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131nda denge kurulur ve su art\u0131k y\u00fckselmez.<\/p>\n

BAROMETREN\u0130N \u0130CADI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu garip olay\u0131 ilk olarak 1643 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130talyan bilgini Evangelista Torricelli a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Torricelli, suyun yerine, ondan on \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk defa daha a\u011f\u0131r olan civay\u0131 (s\u0131v\u0131 maden) koymay\u0131 ak\u0131l etti, bu sayede s\u00fctunun y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ayn\u0131 oranda k\u0131salm\u0131\u015f oldu. B\u00f6ylece Torricelli ilk barometreyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi: bir ucu t\u0131kal\u0131 ve i\u00e7i civa dolu cam bir boru. Bu boru ba\u015fa\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evrilip a\u00e7\u0131k ucu gene civayla dolu bir k\u00fcvete dald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Borudaki civan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u00fcvete akar ve civa s\u00fctunu borunun i\u00e7inde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 760 milimetreye kadar iner. O zaman civan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile e\u015fde\u011fer olur.<\/p>\n

Y\u00dcKSEKL\u0130\u011e\u0130N \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcLMES\u0130 VE HAVA TAHM\u0130N\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Blaise Pascal, y\u00fckselti’yi \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in barometreden yararlanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Atmosferin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, borunun i\u00e7indeki civan\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini belirledi\u011fine g\u00f6re, bu y\u00fckseklik, bir da\u011f\u0131n tepesinde azalacakt\u0131r; da\u011f\u0131n tepesinde, hava tabakas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi deniz d\u00fczeyine g\u00f6re daha az oldu\u011fundan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da daha az olacakt\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re civa s\u00fctununun y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, hangi y\u00fckseltide bulundu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6sterir: altimetre’nin (y\u00fckselti\u00f6l\u00e7er) esas\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra, atmosferdeki de\u011fi\u015fmelerin, atmosfer a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131p \u00e7o\u011faltmakla civa s\u00fctununun y\u00fcksekli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece barometre i\u015faretlerine bak\u0131larak hava de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi’nin tahmini \u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f oldu; buna g\u00f6re deniz d\u00fczeyinde, 760 milimetre y\u00fckseklikteki civa, \u00abg\u00fczel hava\u00bb belirtisidir. Atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131, havas\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kutular olan madeni barometre’lerle de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Barometre Nedir? Hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7me\u011fe yarayan alet. Yunanca a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelen “baros” ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen \u00abmetron\u00bbdan. Atmosferin bas\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan alet “barometre” diye tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Hava so\u011fuk ve durgunken daha yo\u011fundur dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bas\u0131n\u00e7 fazlad\u0131r . Is\u0131nan hava y\u00fckselir ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 azal\u0131r. Meteoroloji tahminlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi b\u00f6lgelerinde y\u00fcksek ve al\u00e7ak bas\u0131nc\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu bilmek son […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[444],"tags":[19],"class_list":["post-219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilgi","tag-barometrenin-icadi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=219"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":255,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions\/255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}