{"id":286,"date":"2023-01-20T18:01:41","date_gmt":"2023-01-20T18:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/?p=286"},"modified":"2023-01-28T10:50:57","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T10:50:57","slug":"basit-makineler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/basit-makineler.html","title":{"rendered":"Basit Makineler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Basit Makineler<\/strong>
\nBir i\u015fi daha kolay yapabilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan d\u00fczeneklere basit makineler denir. Bu basit makineler kuvvetin do\u011frultusunu, y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve de\u011ferini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta i\u015f yapmam\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/strong>
\nBasit Makinelerin Genel \u00d6zellikleri :<\/strong>
\n1. Basit makine ile, kuvvetten, h\u0131zdan ve yoldan kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flanabilir. Fakat ayn\u0131 anda hepsinden kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flanamaz. Birinden kazan\u00e7 varsa, di\u011ferlerinden ayn\u0131 oranda kay\u0131p vard\u0131r.
\n2. Kuvvet kazanc\u0131, y\u00fck\u00fcn kuvvete oran\u0131 olarak ifade edilir. Y\u00fck kuvvet ile dengede ise,<\/p>\n

3. Hi\u00e7bir basit makinede i\u015ften kazan\u00e7 yoktur. Hatta s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 kay\u0131p vard\u0131r. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnmenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideal basit makinelerde i\u015ften kay\u0131p yoktur. Bu durumda makine tam kapasite ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yani verim % 100 olur.
\nBir basit makinenin verimi,<\/p>\n

4. Basit makinelerde moment ve i\u015f prensipleri ge\u00e7erlidir.
\na. Moment Prensibi
\nSistem denge iken,
\nKuvvet . Kuvvet kolu = Y\u00fck . Y\u00fck kolu
\nb. \u0130\u015f Prensibi
\nBir cisme uygulanan kuvvet ile, kuvvete paralel yolun \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 F kuvvetinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe e\u015fittir.
\nW = F . x dir. \u0130\u015f prensibi ise,
\nKuvvet . Kuvvet yolu = Y\u00fck . Y\u00fck yolu dur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

KALDIRA\u00c7LAR<\/strong>
\na. Destek ortada ise, Sa\u011flam bir destek etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nebilen \u00e7ubuklara kald\u0131ra\u00e7 denir.<\/strong>
\nBir kald\u0131ra\u00e7ta kuvvetin deste\u011fe olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (y) kuvvet kolu, y\u00fck\u00fcn deste\u011fe uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (x) y\u00fck kolu denir.
\n\u015eekildeki deste\u011fin ortada oldu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz kald\u0131ra\u00e7 dengede iken, y\u00fck ile kuvvet aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki moment prensibinden bulunur.<\/p>\n

F . y = P . x dir.<\/p>\n

Burada P ile F kuvvetleri paralel oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ubu\u011fa dik bile\u015fenlerini almaya gerek yoktur. Kuvvet kolu, y\u00fck kolundan b\u00fcy\u00fck (y > x) ise, kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flan\u0131r ve cisimler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kuvvetlerle dengede tutulabilirler.
\nBu tip basit makinelere \u00f6rnek olarak pense, makas, tahterevalli, kerpeten, manivela ve e\u015fit kollu terazi say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

b. Destek u\u00e7ta ise,
\n\u015eekildeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz olan kald\u0131ra\u00e7ta, F ile P aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki moment prensibinden bulunur.
\nF . y = P . x dir.
\nBu tip kald\u0131ra\u00e7larda, y > x oldu\u011fundan kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flan\u0131r. El arabas\u0131, gazoz a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131, f\u0131nd\u0131k k\u0131rma makinesi, ka\u011f\u0131t delgi z\u0131mbas\u0131 bu tip kald\u0131raca \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n

c. Y\u00fck ve destek u\u00e7ta ise,
\n\u015eekildeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6-nemsiz olan kald\u0131ra\u00e7ta, F ile P aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki yine moment prensibinden bulunur.
\nF . y = P . x dir. x > y oldu\u011fundan kuvvetten kay\u0131p, yoldan ise kazan\u00e7 vard\u0131r. C\u0131mb\u0131z ve ma\u015fa bu tip kald\u0131ra\u00e7lara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n

MAKARALAR<\/strong>
\nMakaralar sabit bir eksen etraf\u0131nda serbest\u00e7e d\u00f6nebilen, \u00e7evresinde ipin ge\u00e7ebilmesi i\u00e7in olu\u011fu olan basit bir makinedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Sabit makaralar<\/strong>
\n\u00c7evresinden ge\u00e7en ip \u00e7ekildi\u011finde yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6nme hareketi yapabilen makaralara sabit makara denir.
\nMoment prensibine g\u00f6re
\nF . r = P . r => F = P dir.
\nMakara ile ip aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme \u00f6nemsiz iken ayn\u0131 ipin b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalar\u0131ndaki gerilme kuvveti ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fundan F = P dir. Kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 yoktur.<\/p>\n

b. Hareketli Makara<\/strong>
\n\u00c7evresinden ge\u00e7en ip \u00e7ekildi\u011finde hem d\u00f6nebilen hem de y\u00fckselip al\u00e7alabilen makaralara hareketli makara denir.
\nAyn\u0131 ipin b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalar\u0131ndaki gerilme kuvveti ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, dengenin \u015fart\u0131na g\u00f6re,<\/p>\n

Hareketli makarada makara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihmal edilmez ise, makaran\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 P y\u00fck\u00fcne dahil edilir. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihmal edilen hareketli makarada kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 vard\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihmal edilmiyor ise a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 olabilir de olmayabilir de. Hareketli makarada F kuvveti ile ipin ucu h kadar \u00e7ekilirse, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 paralel iplerin her birinden h\/2 kadar k\u0131salma olur ve cisim h\/2 kadar y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

\u015eekilde, makara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz ise, F ile P aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki denge \u015fart\u0131ndan bulunabilir. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeler \u00f6nemsiz iken ayn\u0131 ipin b\u00fct\u00fcn noktalar\u0131ndaki gerilme kuvvetleri e\u015fit olur. Yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc kuvvetlerin toplam\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc kuvvetlerin toplam\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fundan,<\/p>\n

PALANGALAR<\/strong>
\nHareketli ve sabit makara gruplar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan sistemlere palanga denir.<\/strong>
\nMakara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmelerin \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu palanga sistemlerinde, kuvvet ile y\u00fck aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, makaralarda oldu\u011fu gibi denge \u015fartlar\u0131ndan bulunur.
\nMakara a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ihmal edilmiyor ise, hareketli makaralar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcke ilave edilerek ayn\u0131 i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r. Sabit makaralar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ise, tavana ba\u011fl\u0131 olan iplerle ya da ba\u011flant\u0131 maddeleriyle dengelenir.<\/p>\n

E\u011e\u0130K D\u00dcZLEM<\/strong>
\nA\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckleri belli y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kald\u0131rmak zor oldu\u011fu zaman e\u011fik d\u00fczlem yard\u0131m\u0131yla y\u00fckten daha az bir kuvvet ile cisimler istenilen y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir.
\nS\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeler \u00f6nemsiz ise, e\u011fik d\u00fczlemde i\u015f prensibi ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

Kuvvet . Kuvvet yolu = Y\u00fck . Y\u00fck yolu
\nF . S = P . h
\nKuvvet yolu, kuvvete paralel olan S yolu, y\u00fck yolu ise, y\u00fcke paralel olan h yoludur. Kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Fakat ayn\u0131 oranda yoldan kay\u0131p olur.
\n\u00c7IKRIK<\/strong>
\nD\u00f6nme eksenleri ayn\u0131 yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131 farkl\u0131 iki silindirin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sisteme \u00e7\u0131kr\u0131k denir.<\/strong>
\n\u015eekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi y\u00fck, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan silindirin \u00e7evresine dolanan ipin ucuna as\u0131l\u0131r. Kuvvet ise, silindire ba\u011fl\u0131 kolun ucuna uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Moment prensibine g\u00f6re,
\nF . R = P . r dir.
\nR > r oldu\u011fundan kuvvetten kazan\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck F kuvveti ile dengede tutmak veya y\u00fck\u00fc sabit h\u0131zla \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in oran\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek gerekir.
\nEt k\u0131yma makinesi, el matkab\u0131, araba direksiyonu, tornavida, kap\u0131 anahtar\u0131 gibi ara\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kr\u0131\u011fa \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

V\u0130DA<\/strong>
\nVida, iki y\u00fczeyi birbirine birle\u015ftirirken, en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan, basit makinelerden birisidir. Vidada iki di\u015f aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131\u011fa vida ad\u0131m\u0131 denir.<\/strong> Viday\u0131 tahtaya vidalamak i\u00e7in tornavida ile kuvvet uygulayarak d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek gerekir.
\nVida ba\u015f\u0131 bir tam d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vida, vida ad\u0131m\u0131 (a) kadar yol al\u0131r. N kez d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise N . a kadar yol al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Viday\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in uygulanan F kuvvetinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f, vida tahtaya girerken R direngen kuvvetinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe e\u015fittir.
\n\u0130\u015f prensibinden
\nKuvvet . Kuvvet yolu = Y\u00fck . Y\u00fck yolu
\nF . 2pr = R . a d\u0131r.
\nVidan\u0131n ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 daire oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir turda kuvvet yolu dairenin 2pr \u00e7evre uzunlu\u011fu kadar olur.<\/p>\n

D\u0130\u015eL\u0130LER<\/strong>
\nDi\u015fli \u00e7arklar, \u00fczerinde e\u015fit aral\u0131klarla di\u015fler bulunan ve bir eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nebilen silindir \u015feklindeki basit makinedir.<\/strong> Di\u015fler \u00e7arklar\u0131n birbirine ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar. Di\u015flilerden birine uygulanan kuvvet di\u015fler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile di\u011ferine iletilir. Di\u015flilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi \u00e7\u0131kr\u0131\u011f\u0131nkine benzer.
\nE\u015f merkezli di\u015fliler birbirine per\u00e7inli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hep ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde d\u00f6nerler ve devir say\u0131lar\u0131 da e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

\u015eekildeki gibi birbirine temas halinde olan di\u015fliler i\u00e7in, herbir di\u015fli bir \u00f6ncekine g\u00f6re,
\na. Z\u0131t y\u00f6nlerde d\u00f6nerler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K ve M ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde d\u00f6ner.
\nb. Devir say\u0131lar\u0131 yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.
\nc. K ve M nin aralar\u0131ndaki devir say\u0131lar\u0131 oran\u0131 L nin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

KASNAKLAR<\/strong>
\nKasnaklar di\u015fleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kay\u0131\u015f ya da iple birbirlerine ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Devir say\u0131lar\u0131 yine yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6nme y\u00f6nleri ise, \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ba\u011flanma \u015fekline g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Birbirlerini d\u00f6nd\u00fcren di\u015fli ve kasnaklarda d\u00f6nme say\u0131s\u0131 ile yar\u0131\u00e7aplar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Basit Makineler Bir i\u015fi daha kolay yapabilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan d\u00fczeneklere basit makineler denir. Bu basit makineler kuvvetin do\u011frultusunu, y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve de\u011ferini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta i\u015f yapmam\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Basit Makinelerin Genel \u00d6zellikleri : 1. Basit makine ile, kuvvetten, h\u0131zdan ve yoldan kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flanabilir. Fakat ayn\u0131 anda hepsinden kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flanamaz. Birinden kazan\u00e7 varsa, di\u011ferlerinden ayn\u0131 oranda kay\u0131p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[444],"tags":[38,40,39],"class_list":["post-286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilgi","tag-basit-makineler","tag-basit-makineler-bilgi","tag-basit-makineler-nedir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=286"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":288,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286\/revisions\/288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}