{"id":52,"date":"2022-12-29T20:16:41","date_gmt":"2022-12-29T20:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/?p=52"},"modified":"2022-12-30T18:17:26","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T18:17:26","slug":"mucitler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/mucitler.html","title":{"rendered":"Mucitler"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u0130lk diki\u015f makinas\u0131n\u0131n mucidi net olarak bilinmiyor. Bunun nedeni bir\u00e7ok mucidin olmas\u0131. 1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk patenti alan ki\u015fi olarak kay\u0131tlarda Thomas Saint g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Daha sonralar\u0131 Isaac Singer ve Elias Howe Jr. gibi mucitlerin bulaca\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok teknik \u00f6zelli\u011fi ba\u015fvurusunda belirtmesine kar\u015f\u0131n hi\u00e7birini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bir\u00e7ok patent al\u0131nd\u0131 ancak hi\u00e7biri ticari bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edemedi. 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’da ya\u015fayan Barthelemy Thimmonier ticari ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 yakalayan ilk diki\u015f makinas\u0131n\u0131n patentini ald\u0131. Zincir diki\u015f yapabilen bu makinalardan 80 tane yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve ordunun k\u0131yafetlerinin dikiminde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu makinalar\u0131n i\u015flerine zarar verece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bir k\u0131s\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7i t\u00fcm makinalar\u0131 talan etti. Thimmonier bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yoksul bir hayat ya\u015fad\u0131.1833 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’de Walter Hunt isimli bir mucit<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen \u00e7ift diki\u015f yapabilen makina icat edildi. Hunt bu makinan\u0131n patentini almad\u0131. 10 y\u0131l gibi bir s\u00fcre sonra Elias Howe Jr. Hunt’t\u0131n bulu\u015fundan habersiz bir \u00e7ift diki\u015f makinas\u0131 buldu ve patentini ald\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Faks Makinas\u0131<\/strong>
\u0130sko\u00e7ya’da ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Alexander Bain 27 Kas\u0131m 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk faks makinas\u0131 (faksimil) i\u00e7in patent ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu. Bain’in tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faks makinas\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan sisteme benzemektedir. Belgenin beyaz ve siyah k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanarak iletilmesi ilkesine dayan\u0131yordu. \u0130letken bir madde \u00fczerinde elektriksel olarak haritalama i\u015flemi i\u00e7in sarka\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015f fakat bu sistemi hi\u00e7bir zaman uygulayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1848 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere’de bir fizik\u00e7i (Frederick Bakewell) daha geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir versiyonu i\u00e7in patent ald\u0131. Yine \u0130ngiltere’de halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir sergide ilk defa bir belge iletimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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John Logie Baird ve Viladimir Zyworykin<\/strong>
13 A\u011fustos 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda Baird \u0130sko\u00e7ya’da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Glasgow Kraliyet Teknik \u00dcniversitesinden mezun oldu. Viladimir Zworykin ise 30 Temmuz 1889 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya’da do\u011fdu. St. Petesburg Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden mezun olduktan sonra College De France’da \u00f6\u011frenimine devam etti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zworykin ABD’ye 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Baird \u0130ngiltere’ye yerle\u015ftiler. Zworykin bir s\u00fcre Westinghouse Electric Company adl\u0131 \u015frkette \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Baird ise g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc aktar\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Radyo<\/strong>
\u0130talyan Mucit Guglielmo Marconi radyoyu icat eden ki\u015fi olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ancak radyonun kendi icad\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia eden bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Telsiz telegraf patentine sahip olan Nikolai Tesla, Olive Lodge bu iddiay\u0131 ortaya atanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. Rus mucit Alexander Stepanovitch Popov ise anla\u015f\u0131labilen ilk radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 iletmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ancak bu icad\u0131 i\u00e7in patent almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha pek \u00e7ok insan vard\u0131r fakat ticari ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 yakalayan ki\u015finin Marconi oldu\u011fu herkes\u00e7e kabul edilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u015ei\u015fme Lastik<\/strong>
\u015ei\u015fme lastik ayn\u0131 zamanda in\u015faat muhendisi olan mucit Robert Thomson taraf\u0131ndan 10 Aral\u0131k 1845’te icat edildi. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden patentini ald\u0131. \u0130lk tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz Mechanics’ Magazine dergisinde \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k yaratt\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan at arabalar\u0131n\u0131n tekerleklerine uygulanacak bu lastikler sayesinde inan\u0131lmaz bir sessizlik sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda istenildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fi\u015firilebilen bu lastikler her \u015fartta kullan\u0131labiliyordu. 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda patent haklar\u0131n\u0131 Messers. Whitehurst & Co ad\u0131nda bir \u015firkete satt\u0131. Bu firma lastikleri ticari hale getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak maliyetin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok pahal\u0131yd\u0131lar ve lasti\u011fin tekerle\u011fe montaj\u0131 i\u00e7in 70 gibi y\u00fcksek bir say\u0131da civata gerekiyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Thomas Alva Edison<\/strong>
ABD’nin Ohio eyaletinde 11 \u015eubat 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Babas\u0131 bir kiremit imalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u0130catlara \u00e7ok merakl\u0131 ve giri\u015fken bir \u00e7ocuktu. ilk patentini 1868 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ekim ay\u0131nda elektrografik oy kay\u0131t makinas\u0131 i\u00e7in ald\u0131. 1 Haziran 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru onayland\u0131. 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda delikli ka\u011f\u0131t \u015feritleri icat etti. Bu ka\u011f\u0131tlar borsa fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na yar\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk AR-GE laboratuvar\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen sanayi ara\u015ft\u0131rma laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu.1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131 Newark’tan Menlo Park’a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Otografik bask\u0131 isimli bir bask\u0131 tekni\u011fi i\u00e7in patent ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1877 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fonograf’\u0131 icat etti ve patentlerini ald\u0131. Aradan bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden karbonlu telefon aktar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ad\u0131nda bir alet icat etti. 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda ad\u0131n\u0131 genelde onunla and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z icad\u0131 olan filamanl\u0131 ampul\u00fc icat etti ve patent ba\u015fvurusu yapt\u0131. 1880 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen patent 3 y\u0131l sonra iptal edildi.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1819 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika’n\u0131n Massachusetts eyaletinde 9 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc bir \u00e7iftlikte d\u00fcnyaya geldi. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu \u00e7iftlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla ge\u00e7ti. 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda kom\u015fu bir \u00e7iftli\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gitti. Daha sonralar\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda de\u011firmenlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lowell’da pamuk ipli\u011fi ile ilgili makinalar \u00fcreten bir firmada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 2 y\u0131l sonra bilimsel cihazlarla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve imalat yapan bir firmaya girdi. Firma Ari Dawis’e aitti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Birg\u00fcn imalathaneye gelen bir m\u00fc\u015fterinin diki\u015f makinas\u0131 gibi bir makina \u00fcreten ki\u015finin \u00e7ok zengin olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc kafas\u0131na taJoseph Wilson Swan
31 Ekim 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Sunderland’de do\u011fdu. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir eczac\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131rak olarak verildi. Bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olmu\u015ftu ve 1846 y\u0131l\u0131nda Newcastle upon Tyne’deki bir ila\u00e7 firmas\u0131nda i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131. Aradan ge\u00e7en zaman i\u00e7erisinde ise Swan \u015firketin ortaklar\u0131 aras\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Biryandan ila\u00e7 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p di\u011fer yandan de\u011fi\u015fik icat denemeleri yap\u0131yordu. 1856 y\u0131l\u0131nda Islak Levha Kolodyon Foto\u011fraf bask\u0131 y\u00f6ntemini geli\u015ftirdi ve patentini ald\u0131. Foto\u011fraf konusunda kendini geli\u015ftirdi. 1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 brom\u00fcr foto\u011fraf ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n patentini ald\u0131. Daha sonra bu fikri George Eastman’a satt\u0131. Eastman Kodak’\u0131n kurucusu olarak bilinir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/kisisel-gelisim.html<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130lk diki\u015f makinas\u0131n\u0131n mucidi net olarak bilinmiyor. Bunun nedeni bir\u00e7ok mucidin olmas\u0131. 1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk patenti alan ki\u015fi olarak kay\u0131tlarda Thomas Saint g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Daha sonralar\u0131 Isaac Singer ve Elias Howe Jr. gibi mucitlerin bulaca\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok teknik \u00f6zelli\u011fi ba\u015fvurusunda belirtmesine kar\u015f\u0131n hi\u00e7birini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok patent al\u0131nd\u0131 ancak hi\u00e7biri ticari bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edemedi. 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilimteknoloji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions\/70"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelisenbeyin.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}